Prostate examination

The size and function of the prostate can change with age. The main purpose of a check is to

• Early detection of prostate cancer
• Clarification of benign prostate enlargement (BPH)
• Detection of inflammation (prostatitis)
• Assessment of urinary complaints
• General screening for men aged 45 and over, or earlier if there is a family risk

Many diseases initially cause no or only mild symptoms, which is why mere self-observation is not sufficient.

1. consultation (medical history)

Your urologist will ask about your symptoms, previous illnesses, family risks and any changes in urination. The consultation is discreet and serves to assess your personal situation.

2. physical examination

This includes a palpation examination of the prostate via the rectum (DRU). It only takes a few seconds and enables an initial assessment of size, consistency and possible hardening.

3. PSA blood test (optional, depending on recommendation)

The PSA value is a laboratory value that can provide indications of prostate changes. It is often used for early detection, but must always be evaluated in the overall context.

4. ultrasound of the prostate and bladder

Using modern ultrasound technology, the size, structure and residual urine volume can be assessed - completely painlessly.

5. further examinations (if necessary)

Depending on the findings, additional tests such as urinalysis, uroflowmetric measurements or an MRI scan may be useful.

Not every symptom automatically means a serious illness - nevertheless, clarification should be sought if any of the following signs occur:

• Frequent or nocturnal urge to urinate
• Weakened urine stream
• Delayed onset of urination
• Feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder
• Pain or burning sensation when urinating
• Blood in the urine or semen
• Pain in the pelvic area or lower back

Even without symptoms, screening is advisable from a certain age.

• from the age of 45: Regular preventive care for men
• from the age of 40: If a close relative (father, brother) had prostate cancer
• If you have symptoms: as described above
• If a check-up is required: after already known prostate diseases

A prostate check is not only used to rule out cancer. Common diagnoses are:

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): Very common from middle age, often leads to symptoms when urinating.

Prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate): Can occur acutely or chronically and is usually easily treatable.

Prostate cancer: The most common type of cancer in men - can be treated very well if detected early.

Inconspicuous findings: Very often the examinations show no abnormalities.

An unremarkable finding is good news. It means

• no evidence of prostate cancer
• no inflammation
• no enlargement requiring treatment
• normal function and inconspicuous diagnostics

In this case, the urologist only recommends

• regular check-ups (typically every 1-2 years)
• attention to possible later symptoms
• healthy lifestyle habits that can protect the prostate

A prostate check is therefore not only used to diagnose possible diseases, but also to ensure your long-term health.

A prostate check may also reveal benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), which often leads to urinary problems. Depending on the findings, various treatments are available - from medication to TUR-P (prostate surgery), in which excess tissue is gently removed.

You can find more information on BPH and TUR-P on our dedicated topic page.