Bacterial infection: The most common cause of cystitis is a bacterial infection, usually caused by the bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli), which originates in the intestines.
Anatomical characteristics: Women are at a higher risk of developing cystitis due to their shorter urethra.
Sexual activity: Sexual activity can increase the risk because bacteria can enter the urethra.
Use of catheters: The use of urinary catheters can lead to infection because they can introduce bacteria directly into the bladder.
Urinary retention: If urine does not drain completely from the bladder, this can promote bacterial growth.
Urine tests: The first step in diagnosing a bladder infection is usually a urinalysis. The urine is examined for signs of bacteria, blood, and white blood cells, which may indicate an infection.
Urine culture: If the urine test indicates an infection, a urine culture may be performed to determine exactly which bacteria are causing the infection and which antibiotics are most effective. The urine is usually sent, and analysis in the lab takes about 48 hours.
Cystoscopy: For recurring or chronic infections, a cystoscopy may be necessary. This involves inserting a thin, flexible tube with a camera into the bladder to directly view inflammation or other abnormalities.
Imaging: In some cases, especially if there are recurring urinary tract infections, an ultrasound or CT scan may also be used to examine the bladder for structural problems.
Antibiotics: Antibiotics are the most common treatment for a bacterial infection. It is important to complete the full course of antibiotics to ensure all bacteria are eliminated.
Pain relievers: Pain relievers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen can help relieve symptoms.
Home remedies: Some home remedies, such as drinking cranberry juice or taking D-mannose, can be helpful, but they should not be used as the sole treatment.
Can I treat a bladder infection myself?
In most cases, a UTI can be treated with antibiotics prescribed by a doctor. Home remedies may help alleviate symptoms but do not replace a visit to the doctor. If you experience frequent recurrent infections or severe symptoms, you should always consult a doctor.
How long does a bladder infection last?
With the proper treatment, a UTI typically resolves within one to two weeks. Symptoms may begin to subside after just one to two days of antibiotic therapy. However, if left untreated, a UTI can spread to the kidneys, leading to more serious health issues.
What can I do to prevent bladder infections?
Drink plenty of water: Staying well-hydrated helps regularly flush the bladder, making it easier to expel bacteria.
Hygiene: Especially after using the toilet, wipe from front to back to prevent bacteria from transferring to the urethra.
Urinate after sex: This helps flush bacteria out of the urethra.
Avoid irritating substances: Avoid scented soaps, shower gels, or other products that can irritate the urinary tract.
What happens if a bladder infection is left untreated?
If left untreated, a urinary tract infection can spread to the kidneys and cause a kidney infection (pyelonephritis), which is much more serious and may require hospitalization. Early treatment is crucial to avoid complications.
What is the difference between a bladder infection and a urinary tract infection?
Cystitis: This affects only the bladder and is the most common form of urinary tract infection. It is usually caused by bacteria that enter the urethra from the intestine and ascend into the bladder.
Urinary tract infection (UTI): This is a more general term and can include any infection of the urinary system, not just the bladder (cystitis), but also infections of the urethra (urethritis), ureters (ureteritis), and kidneys (pyelonephritis). A UTI is therefore a broader term that can also include more serious infections.
In most cases, cystitis can be treated with over-the-counter medications. However, it is advisable to see a doctor if:
There are several ways to schedule an appointment with our practice. Our online appointment booking system is available 24 hours a day.
You are also welcome to call us (044 201 22 00) and schedule an appointment with us. We look forward to your visit.
There are several ways to schedule an appointment with our practice. Our online appointment booking system is available 24 hours a day. For painful cystitis, we also offer short-notice appointments by phone.
