A spermatocele is a seminal fluid-filled cyst that forms in the epididymis. It usually results from a drainage obstruction in the epididymis's fine ducts, causing seminal fluid to accumulate and become trapped.
In most cases, a spermatocele remains asymptomatic and is only discovered incidentally, for example, during palpation or a urological examination. If it grows larger, the following symptoms may occur:
Diagnosis is made through a physical examination and ultrasound (sonography). The cyst is usually clearly visible as a fluid-filled structure. If uncertain, additional palpation or fluoroscopy may be helpful.
Not necessarily. As long as the spermatocele isn't causing any discomfort or is very small, regular monitoring is usually sufficient.
Treatment options for symptoms:
Conservative treatment: Often sufficient for mild symptoms: Wearing tight-fitting underwear or taking painkillers.
Surgical removal: Recommended if the spermatocele is large or painful. The procedure is usually performed as an inpatient under general anesthesia.
Important: There is a small risk of impaired fertility after surgery if the epididymis is also affected. Therefore, a wait-and-see approach is recommended, especially in younger patients.
Is a spermatocele dangerous?
No, it is a benign change that will not become malignant. However, it is important to have it examined to rule out other diseases.
How large can a spermatocele become?
It can be as small as a few millimeters or as large as several centimeters – if symptoms occur, a doctor should determine whether removal is advisable.
Can it disappear on its own?
No, a spermatocele usually does not regress spontaneously – however, if it remains small and symptom-free, no treatment is necessary.
Is there a connection to testicular cancer?
No – a spermatocele can be clearly distinguished from malignant tumors. However, any newly palpable lump should always be examined by a doctor.
Will it affect fertility?
Not usually. Only in isolated cases can restrictions occur during major epididymal surgery. This will be discussed in detail beforehand.
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